Nation

Sauk (Sac)

Not yet reviewed by this nation. What follows comes from public records and research. It does not speak for the nation.

Region: Great Lakes

In the record

The United States made 19 treaties and agreements that name Sauk (Sac) as a party, from Treaty of Fort Harmar with the Wyandot and allied nations, 1789 to Sauk and Fox of the Mississippi at Washington, DC (1867).

C. C. Royce’s 1899 schedule records 22 cessions of land from Sauk (Sac): about 62 million acres by this atlas’s estimate, counting overlaps once. 10 of them came through treaties and agreements. The largest was Land of the Sauk and Fox in Illinois, Missouri and Wisconsin, ceded 1804 (area 50), about 16 million acres, ceded under Treaty of St. Louis with the Sauk and Fox, 1804.

The atlas records 1 broken treaty promise involving Sauk (Sac): Treaty of St. Louis 1804: cession signed by a delegation with no authority to sell.

Today, Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa, Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska and Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma carry this history, as their own pages or research records say.

Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources. This is what the United States’ treaty record says, not the nation’s own account.

Treaty or agreementTreaty under documented pressureRemoval treatyShapes from the 1899 federal record: approximate, not legal boundaries.

Names

Each name shows where it comes from. A nation’s own name is shown as the nation writes it.

Self-names

ThakiwakiSauk (without diacritics)
ThâkîwakiSauk

Names in treaties and records

Sac and FoxEnglish (US treaty name)

Other names in English

Sauk

Land recorded as ceded

Sauk (Sac) About 62 million acres recorded as ceded by the end of 1894

Treaty or agreement13 million
Treaty under documented pressure38 million
Removal treaty12 million

Estimate from Royce’s maps; overlapping cessions counted once. Not a survey or legal measure.

22 cessions. Follow Sauk (Sac) through the years on the map

Who is doing the work

This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:

Native legal and land defense, nationally

Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website

Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.

Connections

These links were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.

Land recorded in this nation’s name 22, as named in the 1899 record

Show all 22

Party to 19

Show all 19

Present-day governments that carry this history 3

Named in 1

Treaty of St. Louis 1804: cession signed by a delegation with no authority to sell1804

Sources

sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov/departments/language/reference work
Our mission is to instill pride and strengthen the Sauk language
okhistory.org/publications/enc/entryunclassified
commonly known as the Sac and Fox Nation, the Thakiwaki (Sauk/Sac) are an Algonquian people

Kind: Nation
Confidence: Medium
Nation review: Not yet reviewed by this nation

Correct this record