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Treaty

Sauk and Fox at Fort Armstrong (1822)

On 3 September 1822 at Fort Armstrong, the Sac and Fox gave up the 1804 promise of a trading house for $1,000 in merchandise.

Signed
September 3, 1822
Senate
Ratified
Promises
0 of 1 broken or only partly kept

What happened

On 3 September 1822, at Fort Armstrong, Thomas Forsyth, agent of Indian affairs, made an agreement with the chiefs, warriors and head men of the United Sac and Fox tribes, acting for themselves and their tribes.

It deals with a single promise from the treaty signed at Saint Louis on 3 November 1804. The ninth article of that treaty says the United States would, at a convenient time, establish a trading house or factory where members of the tribes could be supplied with goods at a more reasonable rate than they had been accustomed to. The stated aim was to stop the abuses and impositions practised on the tribes by private traders.

In 1822 the chiefs, warriors and head men accepted one thousand dollars, paid in merchandise from the United States' factory. In exchange they exonerated, released and forever discharged the United States from that obligation. The text says the ninth article is, from the date of the agreement, "abrogated and of no effect."

The paper cedes no land. The treaty was proclaimed on 13 February 1823. It does not say why the United States was released from the promise.

What was promised, and what happened

  • Not known

    Establish a trading house where the tribes could buy goods at reasonable rates. (1804 Art. 9)

    establish a trading house or factory, where the individuals of the said Tribes can be supplied with goods at a more reasonable rate treaties.okstate.edu

Summarized with AI assistance from 4 sources and checked against their words; not yet reviewed by historians or by the nations. Report an error

What the sources say, and how this was checked

Well supported by the sources below.

  1. do exonerate, release, and forever discharge, the United States from the obligation contained in the said ninth article above recitedTreaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1822, Tribal Treaties Database
  2. the aforesaid ninth article is, from the date hereof, abrogated and of no effectTreaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1822, Tribal Treaties Database
  3. to put a stop to the abuses and impositions which are practised upon the said Tribes by the private tradersTreaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1822, Tribal Treaties Database
  4. for and in consideration of the sum of one thousand dollars to us, now paid in merchandiseTreaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1822, Tribal Treaties Database

Research notes. The sources cited do not say whether the trading house was ever built. The 1804 treaty is a separate record.

What happened next

Everything the record holds about this land and this treaty, in order: what earlier agreements said, what this one did, and what the United States, the courts and the nations did afterwards.

Who is doing the work today

The nations connected to this treaty come first, then groups returning land and defending treaty rights. Support goes directly to them.

This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:

Native legal and land defense, nationally

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Sources

  1. treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-sauk-and-foxes-1822-0202reference work
    Sept. 3, 1822. | 7 Stat., 223. / scan: 202 TREATY WITH THE SAUK AND FOXES,. 1822.

Shapes are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land, title or jurisdiction.