Land area
Land of the Sauk and Fox of the Mississippi in Oklahoma, ceded 1891 (area 495)
- 1867
Set aside as a reservation
- 1891
Ceded to the United States
The 1899 record: “Confirms agreement by which these Indians cede to the U. S. the following lands: Beginning at a point on the left bank of the N. fork of the Canadian river”
In the record
Provided to the Sauk and Fox of the Mississippi in 1867 as a 750-square-mile reservation in Indian Territory, then ceded in an agreement Congress confirmed in February 1891. The area covers about 497 thousand acres in what is now Oklahoma.
The 1899 record names Meskwaki (Fox) and Sauk (Sac) as the people of this land.
How it was taken: a treaty or agreement. The treaty text records a negotiated cession with payment, debt settlement and a new reservation; it does not describe duress.
Today, Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa, Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska and Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma carry the history of the people named here.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources.
Shapes come from C. C. Royce’s 1899 maps as georeferenced by the US Forest Service. They are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land. Royce recorded land the United States treated as ceded; the shape does not show a nation’s territory.
Who is doing the work
This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:
Land return and Native-led work nearby
- Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Nation government Seeking return of about 6,700 acres at Fort Reno
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
Links marked “suggested” were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Nations named for this land 3
- Meskwaki (Fox)as named in the 1899 recordsuggested
- Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowamatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Sauk (Sac)as named in the 1899 recordsuggested
Agreements recorded for this land 1
Located in 1
Sources
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1867-02-18primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1867-02-18primary record
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1891-02-13primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Indian Territory 2 (Library of Congress)primary record
- USDA Forest Service, Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States (digitized Royce maps)reference work
The record’s fields
- Area number in the 1899 record
- 495
- Dates in the 1899 record
- 1867-02-18; 1891-02-13
- Kind of instrument
- Treaty or agreement
- Peoples as named in the 1899 record
- Sauk and Fox of the Mississippi
- States
- OK
- Counties
- Lincoln; Payne
- Map sheets in the 1899 record
- Indian Territory 2
- Geometry
- Approximate shape from Royce’s 1899 maps
Research notes
geometry_role is 'cession' for every USFS feature: no field in the source distinguishes cessions from reservations.
- Kind
- Land area
- Confidence
- Medium