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All treaties and agreements

Treaty

Sauk and Fox of Missouri at Washington, DC (1854)

In 1854 the Sac and Fox of Missouri ceded their half of the Missouri River strip, keeping fifty sections for $48,000.

Signed
May 18, 1854
Senate
Ratified
Land given up
about 141,000 acres
Land set aside for the nations
about 47,000 acres
The land in this treaty’s record. Open on the map

What happened

On May 18, 1854, in Washington, Commissioner George W. Manypenny and five delegates of the Sacs and Foxes of Missouri signed a treaty. They ceded the lower half of the strip on the Missouri River assigned to them and the Ioways in 1836, "saving and reserving fifty sections, of six hundred and forty acres each," to be selected in the western part and set off by metes and bounds. If the delegates and agent could not find that much in one body, they could extend the selection onto public land to the west or northwest, and any part chosen outside the reservation reduced the reserve by the same amount.

In payment the United States agreed to pay $48,000 in installments, starting with $15,000 in October 1854 and 1855. The Kansas Historical Society says Manypenny's 1854 treaties led 11 Kansas tribes to cede nearly 13 million acres, ignoring a Kansas-Nebraska Act clause, and opened Kansas to settlers.

The Society also lists a Sac and Fox reservation in Brown County among the four federally recognized reservations in Kansas today.

Summarized with AI assistance from 3 sources and checked against their words; not yet reviewed by historians or by the nations. Report an error

What the sources say, and how this was checked

Well supported by the sources below.

  1. saving and reserving fifty sections, of six hundred and forty acres eachTreaty with the Sauk and Foxes of Missouri, 1854 (Oklahoma State University Tribal Treaties Database)
  2. the sum of forty-eight thousand dollarsTreaty with the Sauk and Foxes of Missouri, 1854 (Oklahoma State University Tribal Treaties Database)
  3. the Sac and Fox reservation is in Brown CountyKansas Territory map, Kansapedia (Kansas Historical Society)

Research notes. The Kansas Historical Society page names the Sac and Fox reservation in Brown County but does not tie it to this treaty; the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri link is inferred. The treaty says the delegates could select the reserve outside the ceded country, so the final location is not fixed by the text. The treaty reserves fifty sections of 640 acres each.

What the treaty did to the land

About 141,000 acres given up. about 47,000 acres recognized, kept or set aside for the nations. Each shape is a numbered area in the federal government’s 1899 record of land cessions.

What happened next

Everything the record holds about this land and this treaty, in order: what earlier agreements said, what this one did, and what the United States, the courts and the nations did afterwards.

  1. 1836

    Land kept

    About 141,000 acres set aside as a reservation for the Sauk and Fox of the Missouri

    By Iowa and Sauk and Fox of the Missouri (West of Missouri) at Fort Leavenworth (1836)

    area 324

  2. 1854

    This treaty

    About 141,000 acres ceded to the United States by the Sauk and Fox of the Missouri. About 47,000 acres set aside as a reservation for the Sauk and Fox of the Missouri and the Iowa

    In 1854 the Sac and Fox of Missouri ceded their half of the Missouri River strip, keeping fifty sections for $48,000.

  3. 1861

    Land lost

    About 47,000 acres ceded to the United States by the Sauk and Fox of the Missouri and the Iowa

    By Sauk and Fox of the Missouri and Iowa at Great Nemaha Agency, Nebraska Territory (1861)

    area 427

Who is doing the work today

The nations connected to this treaty come first, then groups returning land and defending treaty rights. Support goes directly to them.

This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:

Native legal and land defense, nationally

Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.

Sources

  1. treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-sauk-and-foxes-of-missouri-1854-0631reference work
    Treaty with the Sauk and Foxes of Missouri, 1854 May 18, 1854. | 10 Stat., 1074.

Shapes are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land, title or jurisdiction.