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Nation

Muscogee (Creek) Nation

Not yet reviewed by this nation. What follows comes from public records and research. It does not speak for the nation.

Official name
The Muscogee (Creek) Nation
Recorded status
Listed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (91 FR 4102, January 30, 2026)
Region
Oklahoma

In the record

The atlas records 2 broken treaty promises involving Muscogee (Creek) Nation: Creek (Muscogee) 1866: punitive cession of the western half of the Nation and McGirt v. Oklahoma (2020): the Muscogee (Creek) Reservation was never disestablished. 4 court cases turned on their rights: United States v. Creek Nation, Murphy v. Royal, McGirt v. Oklahoma and 1 more.

This nation carries the history of Apalachicola, Five Tribes (Cherokee; Chickasaw; Choctaw; Muscogee (Creek); Seminole) and Muscogee (Creek) in the treaty record.

Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources. This is what the United States’ treaty record says, not the nation’s own account.

Treaty or agreementTreaty under documented pressureRemoval treatyAct of CongressShapes from the 1899 federal record: approximate, not legal boundaries.

The record over time

178018001850190019502000todayTreatiesApalachicola at Tallahassee, Florida Territory (1832) (1832)Apalachicola at Pope's, Fayette County, Florida Territory (1833) (1833)Treaty of New York with the Creeks, 1790 (1790)Treaty of Colerain with the Creeks, 1796 (1796)Creeks at Fort Wilkinson (1802) (1802)Creeks at Washington, DC (1805) (1805)Treaty of Fort Jackson (Capitulation of the Creeks), 1814 (1814)Creeks at Creek Agency, Flint River (1818) (1818)Treaty of Indian Springs (1821) with the Creeks (1821)Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) with the Creeks (McIntosh treaty) (1825)Treaty of Washington (1826) with the Creeks (1826)Creeks at Creek Agency (1827) (1827)Treaty of Cusseta (Treaty of Washington) with the Creeks, 1832 (1832)Creeks at Fort Gibson, Arkansas River (1833) (1833)Treaty of Camp Holmes with the Comanche, Wichita and others, 1835 (1835)Creeks at Fort Gibson, West of Arkansas; includes Supplemental Article of June 13, 1854 (1838) (1838)Creeks and Seminole at Creek Agency (1845) (1845)Creeks and Seminole at Washington, DC (1856) (1856)Reconstruction Treaty with the Creeks, 1866 (1866)Land takenLand of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1821 (area 116) (1821)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 127) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 128) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 129) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 130) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 131) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1827 (area 141) (1827)Land of the Creek in Alabama, ceded 1832 (area 172) (1832)Land of the Creek and Seminole in Oklahoma, recorded 1833 (area 404) (1833)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1802 (area 44) (1802)Land of the Creek in Oklahoma, recorded 1833 (area 486) (1833)Land of the Creek in Oklahoma, recorded 1833 (area 487) (1833)Land of the Creek and Seminole in Oklahoma, ceded 1873 (area 543) (1873)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1805 (area 60) (1805)Land of the Creek or Muscogee in Oklahoma, ceded 1889 (area 698) (1889)Land of the Creek in Georgia and South Carolina, ceded 1790 (area 7) (1790)Land of the Creek in Alabama and Georgia, ceded 1814 (area 75) (1814)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1818 (area 92) (1818)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1818 (area 93) (1818)Promises brokenCreek (Muscogee) 1866: punitive cession of the western half of the Nation (1866)McGirt v. Oklahoma (2020): the Muscogee (Creek) Reservation was never disestablished (1898)Curtis Act (1898) and Oklahoma statehood (1907): Five Tribes governments dismantled and lands allotted (1898)The General Allotment (Dawes) Act of 1887 and the loss of the communal land base (1887)In courtMcGirt v. Oklahoma (2020)Murphy v. Royal (2017)Sharp v. Murphy (2020)United States v. Creek Nation (1935)Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

Circles are land the United States recorded as ceded, sized by acres and colored by how it was taken. Bars are treaties, broken promises, court cases and land returns.

Names

Each name shows where it comes from. A nation’s own name is shown as the nation writes it.

Self-names

  • MvskokeMvskoke (Muscogee orthography)

Official names

Land recorded as ceded

This nation carries the history of peoples named in Royce’s schedule. Their record:

Muscogee (Creek) About 54 million acres recorded as ceded by the end of 1894
  • Treaty or agreement27 million
  • Treaty under documented pressure21 million
  • Removal treaty5 million
  • Act of Congress400 thousand

Estimate from Royce’s maps; overlapping cessions counted once. Not a survey or legal measure.

19 cessions. Follow Muscogee (Creek) through the years on the map

Who is doing the work

Native legal and land defense, nationally

Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.

Connections

These links were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.

Named in 6

Carries the treaty history of 3

Land recorded in this nation’s name 3, matched by the Forest Service, under review

Sources

  1. fivecivilizedtribes.org/unclassified
    Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee Cherokee History ... Chickasaw Chickasaw History ... Choctaw ... Muscogee ... Seminole Seminole History
  2. muscogeenation.com/unclassified
    Mvskoke Tourism: Visit Muscogee Nation!
  3. ebsco.com/research-starters/language-and-linguistics/apalachicolaunclassified
    from 1836 to 1840, they were forcibly relocated to Oklahoma's Creek Reservation, where they gradually integrated with other Indigenous communities.
  4. federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2026/01/30/2026-01899.htmlprimary record
    The Muscogee (Creek) Nation
  5. Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the BIA, 91 FR 4102 (Jan. 30, 2026)primary record
    Listed in 91 FR 4102 (Jan. 30, 2026).
Research notes

Name as printed in V010/V047.

Kind
Nation
Confidence
Medium
Nation review
Not yet reviewed by this nation

Correct this record