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Nation

Muscogee (Creek)

Not yet reviewed by this nation. What follows comes from public records and research. It does not speak for the nation.

Region
Southeast

In the record

The United States made 17 treaties and agreements that name Muscogee (Creek) as a party, from Treaty of New York with the Creeks, 1790 to Reconstruction Treaty with the Creeks, 1866.

C. C. Royce’s 1899 schedule records 19 cessions of land from Muscogee (Creek) between 1790 and 1889: about 54 million acres by this atlas’s estimate, counting overlaps once. 15 of them came through treaties and agreements. The largest was Land of the Creek in Alabama and Georgia, ceded 1814 (area 75), about 21 million acres, ceded under Treaty of Fort Jackson (Capitulation of the Creeks), 1814.

The atlas records 1 broken treaty promise involving Muscogee (Creek): Curtis Act (1898) and Oklahoma statehood (1907): Five Tribes governments dismantled and lands allotted. 2 court cases turned on their rights: Fletcher v. Peck and McGirt v. Oklahoma.

Today, Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town, Kialegee Tribal Town, Muscogee (Creek) Nation, Poarch Band of Creek Indians and Thlopthlocco Tribal Town carry this history, as their own pages or research records say.

Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources. This is what the United States’ treaty record says, not the nation’s own account.

Treaty or agreementTreaty under documented pressureRemoval treatyAct of CongressShapes from the 1899 federal record: approximate, not legal boundaries.

The record over time

178018001850190019502000todayTreatiesTreaty of New York with the Creeks, 1790 (1790)Treaty of Colerain with the Creeks, 1796 (1796)Creeks at Fort Wilkinson (1802) (1802)Creeks at Washington, DC (1805) (1805)Treaty of Fort Jackson (Capitulation of the Creeks), 1814 (1814)Creeks at Creek Agency, Flint River (1818) (1818)Treaty of Indian Springs (1821) with the Creeks (1821)Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) with the Creeks (McIntosh treaty) (1825)Treaty of Washington (1826) with the Creeks (1826)Creeks at Creek Agency (1827) (1827)Treaty of Cusseta (Treaty of Washington) with the Creeks, 1832 (1832)Creeks at Fort Gibson, Arkansas River (1833) (1833)Treaty of Camp Holmes with the Comanche, Wichita and others, 1835 (1835)Creeks at Fort Gibson, West of Arkansas; includes Supplemental Article of June 13, 1854 (1838) (1838)Creeks and Seminole at Creek Agency (1845) (1845)Creeks and Seminole at Washington, DC (1856) (1856)Reconstruction Treaty with the Creeks, 1866 (1866)Land takenLand of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1821 (area 116) (1821)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 127) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 128) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 129) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 130) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1826 (area 131) (1826)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1827 (area 141) (1827)Land of the Creek in Alabama, ceded 1832 (area 172) (1832)Land of the Creek and Seminole in Oklahoma, recorded 1833 (area 404) (1833)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1802 (area 44) (1802)Land of the Creek in Oklahoma, recorded 1833 (area 486) (1833)Land of the Creek in Oklahoma, recorded 1833 (area 487) (1833)Land of the Creek and Seminole in Oklahoma, ceded 1873 (area 543) (1873)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1805 (area 60) (1805)Land of the Creek or Muscogee in Oklahoma, ceded 1889 (area 698) (1889)Land of the Creek in Georgia and South Carolina, ceded 1790 (area 7) (1790)Land of the Creek in Alabama and Georgia, ceded 1814 (area 75) (1814)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1818 (area 92) (1818)Land of the Creek in Georgia, ceded 1818 (area 93) (1818)Promises brokenCurtis Act (1898) and Oklahoma statehood (1907): Five Tribes governments dismantled and lands allotted (1898)In courtFletcher v. Peck (1810)McGirt v. Oklahoma (2020)

Circles are land the United States recorded as ceded, sized by acres and colored by how it was taken. Bars are treaties, broken promises, court cases and land returns.

Names

Each name shows where it comes from. A nation’s own name is shown as the nation writes it.

Self-names

Names in treaties and records

Land recorded as ceded

Muscogee (Creek) About 54 million acres recorded as ceded by the end of 1894
  • Treaty or agreement27 million
  • Treaty under documented pressure21 million
  • Removal treaty5 million
  • Act of Congress400 thousand

Estimate from Royce’s maps; overlapping cessions counted once. Not a survey or legal measure.

19 cessions. Follow Muscogee (Creek) through the years on the map

Who is doing the work

This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:

Native legal and land defense, nationally

Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.

Connections

These links were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.

Land recorded in this nation’s name 20

Show all 20

Party to 17

Show all 17

Present-day governments that carry this history 5

Named in 3

Sources

  1. okhistory.org/publications/enc/entryunclassified
    The Creek Indians are more properly called the Muscogee, alternatively spelled Mvskoke.
Research notes

NARA "Creeks"; V010 and McGirt-line cases use "Muscogee (Creek) Nation".

Kind
Nation
Confidence
Medium
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