Nation
Arapaho · arapaho · Hinono’ei · hinono'eino · Alappaho · HinanaeinaArapaho
Not yet reviewed by this nation. What follows comes from public records and research. It does not speak for the nation.
- Region
- Plains
In the record
The United States made 8 treaties and agreements that name Arapaho as a party, from Treaty of Fort Laramie (Horse Creek), 1851 to Black Hills Agreement (Act of February 28, 1877), Lakota.
C. C. Royce’s 1899 schedule records 7 cessions of land from Arapaho: about 84 million acres by this atlas’s estimate, counting overlaps once. 3 of them came through treaties and agreements. The largest was Land of the Arapaho of Upper Arkansas and Cheyenne of Upper Arkansas in several states, ceded 1861 (area 426), about 48 million acres, ceded under Treaty of Fort Wise (Arapaho and Cheyenne of the Upper Arkansas), 1861.
The atlas records 3 broken treaty promises involving Arapaho: Fort Laramie 1851: Pike's Peak gold rush invades treaty territory, Fort Wise (1861), Sand Creek (1864) and the Little Arkansas reparations (1865) and Fort Laramie 1868 and the Black Hills: abrogation by the Act of Feb. 28, 1877.
Today, Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes and Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming carry this history, as their own pages or research records say. Land has come back: Right Relationship Boulder Land Group.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources. This is what the United States’ treaty record says, not the nation’s own account.
The record over time
Circles are land the United States recorded as ceded, sized by acres and colored by how it was taken. Bars are treaties, broken promises, court cases and land returns.
Names
Each name shows where it comes from. A nation’s own name is shown as the nation writes it.
Self-names
- Hinono’eiArapaho (Latin)
- hinono'einoArapaho (Latin)
Names in treaties and records
- AlappahoCrow
- HinanaeinaArapaho (older transcription)
Land recorded as ceded
- Treaty or agreement25 million
- Treaty under documented pressure48 million
- Act of Congress7 million
- Executive order4 million
Estimate from Royce’s maps; overlapping cessions counted once. Not a survey or legal measure.
7 cessions. Follow Arapaho through the years on the map
Who is doing the work
This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:
Working with these nations
- Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Nation government Seeking return of about 6,700 acres at Fort Reno
- Right Relationship Boulder (Land Group) Native-led Funds tribal youth camps and gatherings, plant-gathering access, trail content with tribes, pushes for tribal… Give on their site Website
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
These links were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Party to 8
- Treaty of Fort Laramie (Horse Creek), 18511851
- Treaty of Fort Wise (Arapaho and Cheyenne of the Upper Arkansas), 18611861
- Apache, Cheyenne, and Arapaho at Little Arkansas River, Kansas (1865)1865
- Treaty of Little Arkansas (Cheyenne and Arapaho), 18651865
- Treaty of Medicine Lodge (Cheyenne and Arapaho), 18671867
- Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), Lakota (Sioux) and Arapaho1868
- Treaty with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho (Fort Laramie), 18681868
- Black Hills Agreement (Act of February 28, 1877), Lakota1876
Land recorded in this nation’s name 8
- Land of the Arapaho and Cheyenne in Colorado, ceded 1865 (area 477)1851matched by the Forest Service, under review
- Land of the Arapaho of Upper Arkansas and Cheyenne of Upper Arkansas in several states, ceded 1861 (area 426)1851matched by the Forest Service, under review
- Reservation of the Arapaho, Arikara and others in Montana and North Dakota (area 300)1851as named in the 1899 record
- Land of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne and others in several states, ceded 1876 (area 597)1868as named in the 1899 record
- Reservation of the Navaho in New Mexico (area 518)1868matched by the Forest Service, under review
- Land of the Arapaho and Cheyenne in Oklahoma, ceded 1891 (area 525)1869as named in the 1899 record
- Land of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne and others in South Dakota, ceded 1876 (area 598)1876matched by the Forest Service, under review
- Reservation of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne and others in North Dakota (area 599)1876as named in the 1899 record
Named in 4
Present-day governments that carry this history 2
Includes 1
Organizations that work with this nation 1
Sources
- plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.na.005.htmlreference work
Arapahos referred to themselves as Hinanaeina (hinono'eino), or "The People."
- cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/language-culturereference work
Hinono’ei, the Arapaho people, lived in the Great Lakes region along the Mississippi River
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