Land area
Land of the Yankton Sioux in South Dakota, ceded 1894 (area 411)
- 1858
Set aside as a reservation
- 1894
Ceded to the United States
The 1899 record: “Confirms agreement with these Indians made Dec. 31, 1892, by which they cede to the U. S. all their title and interest in all the unallotted lands in their reservation”
In the record
Kept by the Yankton Sioux as a 400,000-acre reserve on the Missouri River in 1858; the unallotted land was ceded in a December 1892 agreement that Congress confirmed in 1894. The area covers about 447 thousand acres in what is now South Dakota.
The 1899 record names Sioux (as named in treaty records) and Yankton as the people of this land.
How it was taken: a treaty made under documented pressure. The National Park Service quotes Struck-by-the-Ree telling his people that resistance was useless because white settlers were arriving in great numbers.
Today, Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Crow Creek Sioux Tribe, Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota, Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana, Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota and 10 more carry the history of the people named here.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources.
Shapes come from C. C. Royce’s 1899 maps as georeferenced by the US Forest Service. They are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land. Royce recorded land the United States treated as ceded; the shape does not show a nation’s territory.
Who is doing the work
This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:
- Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
- Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
- Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota
- Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana
- Lower Brule Sioux Tribe
- Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota
- Oglala Sioux Tribe
- Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota
Working with these nations
- Rosebud Sioux Tribe (Sicangu Oyate) Nation government Pe' Sla (1,942 acres, Nov 30, 2012)
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Lakota People's Law Project (program of Sacred Defense Fund) Native-led Legal advocacy Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Cheyenne River Youth Project (CRYP) Native-led Youth programs Website
- Thunder Valley Community Development Corporation (Lakota Land Systems) Native-led Lakota-led regenerative community development on Pine Ridge: Lakota Land Systems Give on their site Website
Land return and Native-led work nearby
- Native Governance Center Native-led Strengthening Native nation governance and capacity to exercise sovereignty Give on their site Website
- Siċaŋġu Co (Sicangu Community Development Corporation; Wolakota Buffalo Range) Native-led Sicangu Lakota economic engine incl. Wolakota Buffalo Range, food sovereignty initiative, local foods Give on their site Website
- Tanka Fund Native-led Returning buffalo to Native American lands, lives and economies via animals, grants and technical assistance to… Give on their site Website
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
- Honor the Earth Native-led Pipeline resistance, sovereignty, energy justice Give on their site Website
- Indian Law Resource Center Native-led Legal assistance to Indigenous nations to protect lands, resources, treaty and human rights Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
Links marked “suggested” were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Nations named for this land 3
- Sioux (as named in treaty records)as named in the 1899 recordsuggested
- Yanktonas named in the 1899 recordsuggested
- Yankton Sioux Tribematched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
Agreements recorded for this land 1
- Treaty with the Yankton Sioux, 18581858suggested
Located in 1
Sources
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1858-04-19primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1858-04-19primary record
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1894-08-15primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Dakota 1 (Library of Congress)primary record
- USDA Forest Service, Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States (digitized Royce maps)reference work
The record’s fields
- Area number in the 1899 record
- 411
- Dates in the 1899 record
- 1858-04-19; 1894-08-15
- Kind of instrument
- Treaty or agreement
- Peoples as named in the 1899 record
- Yankton Sioux
- States
- SD
- Counties
- Charles Mix
- Map sheets in the 1899 record
- Dakota 1
- Geometry
- Approximate shape from Royce’s 1899 maps
Research notes
geometry_role is 'cession' for every USFS feature: no field in the source distinguishes cessions from reservations.
- Kind
- Land area
- Confidence
- Medium