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Treaty

Kickapoo at Castor Hill, St. Louis County, Missouri (1832)

In 1832 the Kickapoo ceded their Missouri claims and agreed to move to a reservation near Fort Leavenworth of at least 1,200 square miles.

Signed
October 24, 1832
Senate
Ratified
Land given up
about 1.9 million acres
The land in this treaty’s record. Open on the map

What happened

On October 24, 1832, William Clark, Frank J. Allen and Nathan Kouns, commissioners for the United States, signed a treaty at Castor Hill, St. Louis County, Missouri. The other party was the chiefs, warriors and counsellors of the Kickapoo tribe.

In Article 1 the Kickapoo ceded "the lands assigned to them by the treaty of Edwardsville" and all other claims to land in Missouri. In Article 2 the United States agreed to provide a country southwest of the Missouri River "as their permanent place of residence as long as they remain a tribe." It lay on the Missouri River, north of the Delaware lands, near Fort Leavenworth. The Kickapoo were "now willing to remove" from the country on the Osage River.

In Article 3 the United States agreed to pay an annuity of $18,000 for one year. At the urgent request of the Kickapoo, $12,000 of it was to go to their creditors. It also agreed to pay $5,000 a year for nineteen years. Smaller sums paid for a blacksmith, a mill and church, a school, farm tools, labor and cattle, plus a year's provisions after arrival.

Article 13 said the Kickapoo "agree to remove with as little delay as possible." A supplemental article signed at Fort Leavenworth on November 26, 1832, set boundaries to include "at least twelve hundred square miles." The Statutes at Large record a proclamation on February 13, 1833.

Summarized with AI assistance from 3 sources and checked against their words; not yet reviewed by historians or by the nations. Report an error

What the sources say, and how this was checked

Well supported by the sources below.

  1. The said Indians agree to remove with as little delay as possible, to the land hereby ceded to them.Tribal Treaties Database (OSU)
  2. so as to include in the lands assigned the Kickapoos, at least twelve hundred square milesTribal Treaties Database (OSU)
  3. KickapooStatutes at Large, vol. 7 (GovInfo)

Research notes. The treaty page does not describe the circumstances of the negotiation. The supplemental article is included on the same page. The sources cited do not describe the later history of the reservation.

What the treaty did to the land

About 1.9 million acres given up. Each shape is a numbered area in the federal government’s 1899 record of land cessions.

What happened next

Everything the record holds about this land and this treaty, in order: what earlier agreements said, what this one did, and what the United States, the courts and the nations did afterwards.

  1. 1819

    Land kept

    About 1.9 million acres set aside as a reservation for the Kickapoo

    By Kickapoo at Edwardsville, Illinois (1819)

    area 179

  2. 1820

    Land kept

    About 1.9 million acres set aside as a reservation for the Kickapoo

    By Kickapoo at St. Louis (1820)

    area 179

  3. 1832

    This treaty

    About 1.9 million acres ceded to the United States by the Kickapoo

    In 1832 the Kickapoo ceded their Missouri claims and agreed to move to a reservation near Fort Leavenworth of at least 1,200 square miles.

Who is doing the work today

The nations connected to this treaty come first, then groups returning land and defending treaty rights. Support goes directly to them.

This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:

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Sources

  1. treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-kickapoo-1832-0365reference work
    Oct. 24, 1832. | 7 Stat., 391. / scan: TREATY WITH THE KICKAPOO, 1832. 365

Shapes are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land, title or jurisdiction.