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Treaty

Wea and Kickapoo at Fort Harrison, Indiana Territory (1816)

The Wea and Kickapoo, in 1816 at Fort Harrison, reaffirmed Greenville and confirmed a boundary and the Kickapoo cession.

Signed
June 4, 1816
Senate
Ratified
The land in this treaty’s record. Open on the map

What happened

On June 4, 1816, Benjamin Parke, authorized by the President, signed a treaty at Fort Harrison, Indiana Territory, with the chiefs and head men of the Wea and Kickapoo. It added no new land. It confirmed what had been agreed in 1809.

In Article 1 the Wea and Kickapoo "again acknowledge themselves in peace and friendship with the United States." In Article 2 they "acknowledge the validity of, and declare their determination to adhere to, the treaty of Greenville," made in 1795, and all later treaties they had made with the United States.

Article 3 dealt with the line the United States had surveyed and marked for the land on the Wabash and White rivers ceded in 1809. The two tribes "explicitly recognize and confirm" it as "executed conformably to the several treaties they have made."

In Article 4 the Kickapoo chiefs and warriors acknowledged that they had ceded the tract between that line, the Wabash, the Vermilion River and a line meeting the Vermilion twenty miles from its mouth, under the terms of their treaty of December 9, 1809. The Wea and Kickapoo 1809 treaties are recorded separately. The text does not say why the confirmations were requested. It gives no acreage, and no source here describes the council.

Summarized with AI assistance from 3 sources and checked against their words; not yet reviewed by historians or by the nations. Report an error

What the sources say, and how this was checked

Well supported by the sources below.

  1. acknowledge the validity of, and declare their determination to adhere to, the treaty of GreenvilleTreaty with the Wea and Kickapoo, 1816 (Oklahoma State University Tribal Treaties Database)
  2. the said tribes do hereby explicitly recognize and confirm, as having been executed conformably to the several treaties they have made with the United StatesTreaty with the Wea and Kickapoo, 1816 (Oklahoma State University Tribal Treaties Database)
  3. The chiefs and warriors of the said tribe of the Kickapoos acknowledge that they have ceded to the United States all that tract of countryTreaty with the Wea and Kickapoo, 1816 (Oklahoma State University Tribal Treaties Database)

Research notes. This summary rests on the treaty text alone. It does not say why the confirmations were requested or how the Wea and Kickapoo themselves viewed the 1809 cession. No acreage is stated.

What the treaty did to the land

Each shape is a numbered area in the federal government’s 1899 record of land cessions.

What happened next

Everything the record holds about this land and this treaty, in order: what earlier agreements said, what this one did, and what the United States, the courts and the nations did afterwards.

  1. 1809

    Land lost

    About 2.4 million acres ceded to the United States by the Delaware, Eel River Miami and others

    By Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809), Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami, Eel River

    area 71 area 73

  2. 1809

    Land record

    Earlier terms confirmed for the land of the Delaware, Eel River Miami and others

    By Wea and Indians Northwest of the Ohio at Vincennes, Indiana Territory (1809)

    area 71

  3. 1809

    Land record

    Earlier terms confirmed for the land of the Delaware, Eel River Miami and others

    By Kickapoo at Vincennes, Indiana Territory (1809)

    area 73

  4. 1809

    Land lost

    About 70,000 acres ceded to the United States by the Kickapoo and Wea

    By Kickapoo at Vincennes, Indiana Territory (1809)

    area 74

  5. 1816

    This treaty

    Earlier terms confirmed for the land of the Delaware, Eel River Miami and others

    The Wea and Kickapoo, in 1816 at Fort Harrison, reaffirmed Greenville and confirmed a boundary and the Kickapoo cession.

  6. 1818

    Land record

    Earlier terms confirmed for the land of the Kickapoo and Wea

    By Wea at St. Mary's, Ohio (1818)

    area 74

Who is doing the work today

The nations connected to this treaty come first, then groups returning land and defending treaty rights. Support goes directly to them.

This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:

Native legal and land defense, nationally

Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.

Sources

  1. treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-wea-and-kickapoo-1816-0131reference work
    June 4, 1816. | 7 Stat., 145. / scan: 131

Shapes are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land, title or jurisdiction.