Land area
Land of the Six Nations in Pennsylvania, ceded 1784 (area 1)
- 1784
Ceded to the United States
In the record
Given up by the Six Nations in the 1784 Fort Stanwix treaty, which yielded to the United States all their claims west of a set boundary, including this part of Pennsylvania. The area covers about 8.9 million acres in what is now Pennsylvania.
The 1899 record names Haudenosaunee (Six Nations) as the people of this land.
How it was taken: a treaty made under documented pressure. The treaty requires hostages, and EBSCO says the Americans "coerced the Six Nations into the agreement" and that the council later rejected it as coerced.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources.
Shapes come from C. C. Royce’s 1899 maps as georeferenced by the US Forest Service. They are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land. Royce recorded land the United States treated as ceded; the shape does not show a nation’s territory.
Who is doing the work
Working with these nations
- Oneida Indian Nation Nation government About 18,000 acres in trust (2022 est.), 25,000-acre cap under 2013 agreement
- Rematriation Native-led Indigenous women-led media, education, community advocacy Give on their site Website
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Allied land trust Funder/partner in several tribal land returns Website
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
Links marked “suggested” were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Nations named for this land 9
- Cayuga Nationmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Haudenosaunee (Six Nations)as named in the 1899 recordsuggested
- Oneida Nationmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Onondaga Nationmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Saint Regis Mohawk Tribematched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Seneca Nation of Indiansmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Seneca-Cayuga Nationmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Tonawanda Band of Senecamatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Tuscarora Nationmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
Agreements recorded for this land 1
- Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784), Six Nations1784suggested
Located in 1
Sources
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1784-10-22primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1784-10-22primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Pennsylvania (Library of Congress)primary record
- USDA Forest Service, Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States (digitized Royce maps)reference work
The record’s fields
- Area number in the 1899 record
- 1
- Dates in the 1899 record
- 1784-10-22
- Kind of instrument
- Treaty or agreement
- Peoples as named in the 1899 record
- Six Nations
- States
- PA
- Counties
- Allegany; Armstrong; Beaver; Bradford; Butler; Cameron; Clarion; Clearfield; Clinton; Crawford; Elk; Erie; Forest; Indiana; Jefferson; Lawrence; Lycoming; McKean; Mercer; Potter; Tioga; Venango; Warren
- Map sheets in the 1899 record
- Pennsylvania
- Geometry
- Approximate shape from Royce’s 1899 maps
Research notes
geometry_role is 'cession' for every USFS feature: no field in the source distinguishes cessions from reservations.
- Kind
- Land area
- Confidence
- Medium