Kickapoo of the Vermilion at Vincennes (1820)
On 5 September 1820 at Vincennes, the Kickapoo of the Vermilion took $2,000 to move and their annuity moved to Kaskaskia, Illinois.
- Signed
- September 5, 1820
- Senate
- Ratified
What happened
What happened
On 5 September 1820, at Vincennes, Benjamin Parke, commissioner for the United States, made a short convention with the chiefs, warriors and head men of the Tribe of Kickapoos of the Vermilion. It changes how an earlier treaty was carried out. It does not cede land.
In Article 1 the parties agreed that the annuity secured to the tribe by the treaty of 30 August 1819 would hereafter be paid at Kaskaskia, in the state of Illinois.
The preamble to Article 2 says the tribe was about leaving its settlements on the Wabash and had asked for help to remove. Parke, for the United States, paid and advanced the tribe two thousand dollars, and the receipt is acknowledged in the text. That sum was to be an equivalent, in full, for the annuity due to the tribe under the 1819 treaty for the year 1821.
So the practical effect, according to the text, was that the tribe received two thousand dollars in 1820 in place of its 1821 annuity, and later annuities would be paid at Kaskaskia. The convention was proclaimed on 8 January 1821.
Summarized with AI assistance from 4 sources and checked against their words; not yet reviewed by historians or by the nations. Report an error
What the sources say, and how this was checked
Well supported by the sources below.
shall hereafter be paid to the said Tribe at Kaskaskias, in the state of Illinois
Treaty with the Kickapoo of the Vermilion, 1820, Tribal Treaties DatabaseAs the said Tribe are now about leaving their settlements on the Wabash, and have desired some assistance to enable them to remove
Treaty with the Kickapoo of the Vermilion, 1820, Tribal Treaties Databasehas paid and advanced to the said Tribe, two thousand dollars
Treaty with the Kickapoo of the Vermilion, 1820, Tribal Treaties Databasean equivalent, in full, for the annuity due the said Tribe
Treaty with the Kickapoo of the Vermilion, 1820, Tribal Treaties Database
Research notes. The 1819 treaty it modifies has its own entry. The text shows the tribe was leaving the Wabash but does not say why or where all of them went.
What happened next
Everything the record holds about this land and this treaty, in order: what earlier agreements said, what this one did, and what the United States, the courts and the nations did afterwards.
Who is doing the work today
The nations connected to this treaty come first, then groups returning land and defending treaty rights. Support goes directly to them.
Who is doing the work
This history belongs to living nations. Start with them:
- Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas
- Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
- Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Sources
Sources
- treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-kickapoo-of-the-vermilion-1820-0191reference work
Sept. 5, 1820. | 7 Stat., 210. / scan: TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW, 1820. 191
Shapes are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land, title or jurisdiction.