Land area
Land of the Winnebago in South Dakota, ceded 1865 (area 468)
- 1863
Recognized as Native land
The 1899 record: “President authorized to set apart reserve for Winnebago”
- 1863
Set aside as a reservation
The 1899 record: “This reserve was established by Executive order of July 1, 1863, at Crow creek, Dakota”
- 1865
Ceded to the United States
In the record
Set up for the Winnebago at Crow Creek, Dakota, under an 1863 act and a July 1863 executive order, then ceded back in the March 1865 treaty. The area covers about 483 thousand acres in what is now South Dakota.
The 1899 record names Winnebago as the people of this land.
How it was taken: a removal treaty. The treaty text says the United States will "remove the Winnebago tribe of Indians and their property to their new home" and refers to their earlier move from Minnesota.
Today, Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin and Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska carry the history of the people named here.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources.
Shapes come from C. C. Royce’s 1899 maps as georeferenced by the US Forest Service. They are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land. Royce recorded land the United States treated as ceded; the shape does not show a nation’s territory.
Who is doing the work
Land return and Native-led work nearby
- Rosebud Sioux Tribe (Sicangu Oyate) Nation government Pe' Sla (1,942 acres, Nov 30, 2012)
- Cheyenne River Youth Project (CRYP) Native-led Youth programs Website
- Native Governance Center Native-led Strengthening Native nation governance and capacity to exercise sovereignty Give on their site Website
- Siċaŋġu Co (Sicangu Community Development Corporation; Wolakota Buffalo Range) Native-led Sicangu Lakota economic engine incl. Wolakota Buffalo Range, food sovereignty initiative, local foods Give on their site Website
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
Links marked “suggested” were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Nations named for this land 3
- Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsinmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Winnebagoas named in the 1899 recordsuggested
- Winnebago Tribe of Nebraskamatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
Agreements recorded for this land 1
- Winnebago at Washington, DC (1865)1865suggested
Located in 1
Sources
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1863-02-21primary record
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1863-07-01primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1865-03-08primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Dakota 2 (Library of Congress)primary record
- USDA Forest Service, Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States (digitized Royce maps)reference work
The record’s fields
- Area number in the 1899 record
- 468
- Dates in the 1899 record
- 1863-02-21; 1863-07-01; 1865-03-08
- Kind of instrument
- Treaty or agreement
- Peoples as named in the 1899 record
- Winnebago
- States
- SD
- Counties
- Buffalo; Hand; Hughes; Hyde
- Map sheets in the 1899 record
- Dakota 2
- Geometry
- Approximate shape from Royce’s 1899 maps
Research notes
geometry_role is 'cession' for every USFS feature: no field in the source distinguishes cessions from reservations.
- Kind
- Land area
- Confidence
- Medium