Land area
Land of the Menomini in Minnesota, ceded 1854 (area 321)
- 1848
Set aside as a reservation
- 1854
Ceded to the United States
In the record
Assigned to the Menominee in Minnesota by the 1848 treaty; they refused to move there and gave it up in 1854 in return for a reserve on the Wolf River in Wisconsin. The area covers about 805 thousand acres in what is now Minnesota.
How it was taken: a treaty or agreement. The treaty's own preamble records that the Menominee were unwilling to move west and that the President allowed them to stay, so it records a negotiated change rather than a removal.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources.
Shapes come from C. C. Royce’s 1899 maps as georeferenced by the US Forest Service. They are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land. Royce recorded land the United States treated as ceded; the shape does not show a nation’s territory.
Who is doing the work
Land return and Native-led work nearby
- Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) Nation government Ojibwe treaty rights in ceded territories, natural resource stewardship, manoomin, and a Land Conservancy program… Give on their site Website
- Dream of Wild Health Native-led Owns a 30-acre farm in Hugo MN Give on their site Website
- Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) Native-led Environmental and climate justice Give on their site Website
- Native Governance Center Native-led Strengthening Native nation governance and capacity to exercise sovereignty Give on their site Website
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
Links marked “suggested” were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Agreements recorded for this land 2
- Menominee at Lake Powawhaykonnay, Wisconsin (1848)1848suggested
- Menominee at Falls of Wolf River, Wisconsin (1854)1854suggested
Nations named for this land 1, matched by the Forest Service, under review
- Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsinsuggested
Located in 1
Sources
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1848-10-18primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1848-10-18primary record
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1854-05-12primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1854-05-12primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Minnesota 2 (Library of Congress)primary record
- USDA Forest Service, Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States (digitized Royce maps)reference work
The record’s fields
- Area number in the 1899 record
- 321
- Dates in the 1899 record
- 1848-10-18; 1854-05-12
- Kind of instrument
- Treaty or agreement
- Peoples as named in the 1899 record
- Menomini
- States
- MN
- Counties
- Douglas; Otter Tail; Todd; Wadena
- Map sheets in the 1899 record
- Minnesota 2
- Geometry
- Approximate shape from Royce’s 1899 maps
Research notes
geometry_role is 'cession' for every USFS feature: no field in the source distinguishes cessions from reservations.
- Kind
- Land area
- Confidence
- Medium