Land area
Land of the Winnebago in Iowa and Minnesota, ceded 1846 (area 267)
- 1832
Set aside as a reservation
By Winnebago at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, Illinois (1832)
- 1837
Partly ceded to the United States
- 1846
Ceded to the United States
In the record
Assigned to the Winnebago in 1832 as the Neutral Ground west of the Mississippi, partly given up in 1837, and wholly ceded in 1846. The area covers about 2.1 million acres in what is now Iowa and Minnesota.
The 1899 record names Winnebago as the people of this land.
How it was taken: a removal treaty. Article 5 of the treaty text requires removal to the new home, and MNopedia records the 1848 removal to Long Prairie.
Today, Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin and Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska carry the history of the people named here.
Written from the records linked here; open any of them for its sources.
Shapes come from C. C. Royce’s 1899 maps as georeferenced by the US Forest Service. They are approximate and are not legal descriptions of land. Royce recorded land the United States treated as ceded; the shape does not show a nation’s territory.
Who is doing the work
Land return and Native-led work nearby
- Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) Nation government Ojibwe treaty rights in ceded territories, natural resource stewardship, manoomin, and a Land Conservancy program… Give on their site Website
- Great Plains Action Society Native-led ReMatriation, land defense, Protect the Sacred, regenerative economy, civic engagement in Iowa and eastern Nebraska Give on their site Website
- Dream of Wild Health Native-led Owns a 30-acre farm in Hugo MN Give on their site Website
- Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) Native-led Environmental and climate justice Give on their site Website
Native legal and land defense, nationally
- Native American Rights Fund (NARF) Native-led Litigation and legal advocacy for tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, land and resources Give on their site Website
- NDN Collective (LANDBACK Campaign) Native-led LANDBACK campaign (launched 2020; Mount Rushmore closure and return of Black Hills public lands), Indigenous… Give on their site Website
- Indian Land Tenure Foundation (ILTF) Native-led Land recovery and control by tribes and individual Indian landowners Website
- Decolonizing Wealth Project (Indigenous Earth Fund; California Tribal Land Return) Native-led Reparative philanthropy Give on their site Website
Gifts go straight to each organization; this atlas takes nothing. Listing is not endorsement: how organizations are listed.
Connections
Links marked “suggested” were matched automatically by name or date and have not yet been reviewed by a person.
Nations named for this land 3
- Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsinmatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
- Winnebagoas named in the 1899 recordsuggested
- Winnebago Tribe of Nebraskamatched by the Forest Service, under reviewsuggested
Agreements recorded for this land 3
- Winnebago at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, Illinois (1832)1832suggested
- Winnebago at Washington, DC (1837)1837suggested
- Winnebago at Washington, DC (1846)1846suggested
Located in 2
Sources
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1832-09-15primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1832-09-15primary record
- Royce, Indian Land Cessions (1899), Schedule entry dated 1837-11-01primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1837-11-01primary record
- Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, text for 1846-10-13primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Iowa 2 (Library of Congress)primary record
- Royce’s map sheet: Minnesota 2 (Library of Congress)primary record
- USDA Forest Service, Tribal Lands Ceded to the United States (digitized Royce maps)reference work
The record’s fields
- Area number in the 1899 record
- 267
- Dates in the 1899 record
- 1832-09-15; 1837-11-01; 1846-10-13
- Kind of instrument
- Treaty or agreement
- Peoples as named in the 1899 record
- Winnebago
- States
- IA; MN
- Counties
- Allamakee; Chickasaw; Clayton; Fayette; Fillmore; Houston; Howard; Winneshiek
- Map sheets in the 1899 record
- Iowa 2; Minnesota 2
- Geometry
- Approximate shape from Royce’s 1899 maps
Research notes
geometry_role is 'cession' for every USFS feature: no field in the source distinguishes cessions from reservations.
- Kind
- Land area
- Confidence
- Medium